It would seem to me that it's foolish to deny the importance of culture in the way that science proceeds. Culture determines not only what questions are asked but also what one considers 'reliable' data. For instance, 18th century French astronomers were told of stories of rocks falling from the sky, but they denied this occuring with the vigor and certainty shown in this group of those who deny the existence of say, UFOs or ghosts. This was because the information came to them largely from peasants and other non-aristocratic types. It wasn't until after the revolution (with the unwashed masses in charge) that meteorites suddenly became plausible. So yes, while the boiling point of water is the same for someone in Nepal and Germany, whether you think it's important to boil water and measure its boiling point and whether you believe the data you get is influenced heavily by culture. And yes, while sometimes the universe answers with more than a yes or no, it's often very difficult to interpret its answer. Try your hand with interpreting a difficult infrared or proton NMR spectrum sometimes to see if this isn't true! As a infrequent visitor to this group, I am amused by those who deny with such certainty the existence of unusual phenomenon. "It's not reproducible" seems to be their cry. As someone who performs liquid chromatography, let me tell you that you can develop problems which are non-reproducible but are certainly real! That's why chromatographers have the (in)famous "Rule of Two": If a chromatographic problem doesn't happen twice, ignore it! : ) In other words, though the problem itself was certainly real, but tracing it down may take a lifetime and thus not be worth the effort! To me this is indicative of the problem science has with apparently random or non- reproducible phenomenon (under which most so-called paranormal phenomenon fall). Personally, I doubt most paranormal phenomenon. I've never bent a fork with my mind nor seen a ghost or UFO. It's just that I'm not ready to dismiss everything not explained by our current knowledge as being frauds or misconstructions by the ignorant. I consider myself a skeptic. But, it would seem to me that true skepticism is equally skeptical and open to question our current knowledge as it is of claims of new phenomenon. Especially be doubtful of positions based on authority. In other words, not only question the Gellers of the world, but also the Hawkings! (not to mention all those government spokespeople!). Cheerfully, Ed